Showing posts with label US. Show all posts
Showing posts with label US. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 04, 2012

Lehman is history...and future too

On the 2nd anniversary of the Lehman Brothers debacle, what is evident is the fact that economies have learnt very little from history. B&E does a quick recap of the occurrence, the domino effect and the current global economic situation By Asif Ahmed

September 15, 2008. Henry Paulson, the then Secretary of Treasury, United States, had just been informed of the impending Lehman collapse, when he excused himself from his colleagues to make a most important call. That call went not to the President, but to his wife, Wendy Judge, to whom Paulson said in a completely mellowed down voice, in contrast to his imposing 6 ft 4 inches physique, “I am afraid.” Paulson later termed the day as the most ‘horrific’ and ‘saddest’ day of his life.

In the absence of an acquirer and US federal guarantee, Paulson announced that US Treasury couldn’t locate a suitable borrower for Lehman Brothers, thereby purging billions in dollars and putting thousands of employees at risk. What he didn’t know then was how many billions were going to be affected by this collapse.

A month later in October 2008, in response to the subprime mortgage crisis, The Emergency Economic Stabilisation Act of 2008 was passed which authorised United States Secretary of the Treasury to spend up to $700 billion to purchase distressed assets, especially mortgage-backed securities, and make capital injections into banks. A year-and-a-half later, the Euro zone too had to adopt a similar bailout, called the European Stabilisation Mechanism, triggered by sovereign crises.

So, a few went under Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganisation, a few more under Chapter 7 liquidation, and the topography of US financial system changed forever. On the second death anniversary of Lehman Brothers – and hundreds of other banks, which died in the hope of receiving a few million dollars of that $700 billion – the question that needs to be asked: Is the financial world a better place to live in, now? How much ground have we covered in terms of financial regulation so as to avoid future shocks?

2008 BC and 2008 AD
If one were to define the timeline of the financial world, the best way to line it up would be 2008 Before Crisis and 2008 After Destruction. The advanced economies were the first one to react and plug the loopholes that left big holes in the pockets and balance sheet of banks and central banks. Paul Volcker, former Chairman, Federal Reserve, who was hired to figure out a solution for the 21st century problem, had a simple military plan – he asked banks to curtail proprietary trading, private equity and other ‘risky’ investments that banks make with their own capital. On a more global platform, multi-lateral financial institution like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Financial Stability Board (FSB) and Bank for International Settlements (BIS) worked in tandem to foster a more healthy financial system, the most recent of which is recommendations of Basel Committee of Banking Supervision (BSBS) and FSB to hold more capital. The BCBS has asked lenders to have common equity equal to at least 7% of assets, weighted according to their risk, including a 2.5% buffer to withstand future stress. Banks will have less than five years to comply with the minimum ratios – 4.5% common equity and 6% Tier 1 until 2019, to meet the buffer requirements. Banks are currently required to have common equity equal to 2% of total assets and 4% Tier 1 capital.


Thursday, July 26, 2012

Make Vit. D Fortification a Rule

The Government must Ensure Milk is Fortified with Vitamin D in India; An Easy Solution to Counter Rickets, Osteomalacia and other bone Diseases

Consider this: A 2008 National Rickets Survey found that 197 out of 20,000 children had rickets and further concluded that around 550,000 children are suffering from rickets. Rickets (in children) and Osteomalacia (in adults) are similar in nature. Both are bone-weakening diseases and lead to deformities. Incidence is high among children as their bones are weak in their growing age, and curing requires considerable calcium and vitamin D. Why Vitamin D is important is because calcium cannot be absorbed by the body unless there is sufficient Vitamin D in the body. While exposure to sunlight is the best method for the body to naturally create Vitamin D, the dark skins of Indians ensures that enough Vitamin D is never created within the body.

Milk is considered an important source of this vitamin. But the milk that Indians consume normally is so highly adulterated that the question of nutrients comes much later. Add to that the problem of milk incontinence, which many Indians suffer. Curd is a good substitute source – but not everybody takes that. Also, breast milk is extremely low in Vitamin D, resulting in new born children suffering the most.

A few developed countries have drafted laws that solved these problems. In US, it’s imperative for all milk producers to fortify their milk with Vitamin D. The Office of Dietary Supplements, US government, has asserted that children need 600 International Units (IUs) of Vitamin D to stay healthy. Vitamin D fortified milk alone can provide 115-124 IUs of the vitamin per cup, which will be around 20% or more of this requirement. Countries like US and Canada have made sale of raw milk illegal. Given that the number of people suffering from bone-related diseases is high in India, the Ministry of Consumer Affairs should immediately force packaged milk producers to add vitamin D during pasteurization.